The expanding scope of DNA sequencing

Expanding the reaction scope of DNA-templated synthesis.

The translation of amplifiable information into chemical structure is a key component of nature×s approach to generating functional molecules. The ribosome accomplishes this feat by catalyzing the translation of RNA sequences into proteins. Developing general methods to translate amplifiable information carriers into synthetic molecules may enable chemists to evolve non-natural molecules in a m...

Expanding the Scope of Dishonesty

Expanding the scope of humanitarian program evaluation.

The effectiveness of humanitarian programs normally is evaluated according to a limited number of pre-defined objectives. These objectives typically represent only selected positive expected impacts of program interventions and as such, are inadequate benchmarks for understanding the overall effectiveness of aid. This is because programs also have unexpected impacts (both positive and negative)...

Expanding the Scope of Health Information Systems

In 2002, the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) Working Group on Health Information Systems (HIS) analyzed HIS challenges and recent developments [1]. Among the challenges were a lack of generally accepted measures to describe a HIS and to predict its performance [2], the lack of a shared vision, of comprehensive definitions for national infrastructures, and of top level guida...

Expanding the scope for social information use

Our understanding of how, why, and the circumstances under which animals use social information has been facilitated by three principal areas of research, social learning, public information use and social eavesdropping. With few exceptions, these related concepts have remained remarkably distinct within the literature, with little discussion or integration among them. Are these distinctions wa...